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A monotone triangle (also called a strict Gelfand pattern or a gog triangle) of order n is a number triangle with n numbers along each side and the base containing entries ...

Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, published in 1973, asserts that the two-point correlation function R_2(r) for the zeros of the Riemann zeta function zeta(z) on the ...

A square-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

A generalization of the polylogarithm function defined by S_(n,p)(z)=((-1)^(n+p-1))/((n-1)!p!)int_0^1((lnt)^(n-1)[ln(1-zt)]^p)/tdt. The function reduces to the usual ...

A Lie algebra is nilpotent when its Lie algebra lower central series g_k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is also solvable. The basic example of a nilpotent Lie ...

The word "normal form" is used in a variety of different ways in mathematics. In general, it refers to a way of representing objects so that, although each may have many ...

A vector space V with a ring structure and a vector norm such that for all v,W in V, ||vw||<=||v||||w||. If V has a multiplicative identity 1, it is also required that ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

An operator which describes the time evolution of densities in phase space. The operator can be defined by rho_(n+1)=L^~rho_n, where rho_n are the natural invariants after ...