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Some interesting properties (as well as a few arcane ones not reiterated here) of the number 239 are discussed in Schroeppel (1972). 239 appears in Machin's formula ...

Let P be the set of prime ideals of a commutative ring A. Then an affine scheme is a technical mathematical object defined as the ring spectrum sigma(A) of P, regarded as a ...

An attractor is a set of states (points in the phase space), invariant under the dynamics, towards which neighboring states in a given basin of attraction asymptotically ...

The apodization function f(x)=1-(|x|)/a (1) which is a generalization of the one-argument triangle function. Its full width at half maximum is a. It has instrument function ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...

As defined by Kyrmse, a canonical polygon is a closed polygon whose vertices lie on a point lattice and whose edges consist of vertical and horizontal steps of unit length or ...

Let g be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over some field k. A subalgebra h of g is called a Cartan subalgebra if it is nilpotent and equal to its normalizer, which is the ...

A space D is connected if any two points in D can be connected by a curve lying wholly within D. A space is 0-connected (a.k.a. pathwise-connected) if every map from a ...

A path in the complex plane over which contour integration is performed to compute a contour integral. When choosing a contour to evaluate an integral on the real line, a ...

A plot of equipotential curves. If desired, the regions between contours can be shaded or colored to indicate their magnitude. Contour plots are implemented in the Wolfram ...