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The upper half-plane is the portion of the complex plane {x+iy:x,y in (-infty,infty)} satisfying y=I[z]>0 i.e., {x+iy:x in (-infty,infty),y in (0,infty)}. Common notations ...

Let the greatest term H of a sequence be a term which is greater than all but a finite number of the terms which are equal to H. Then H is called the upper limit of the ...

A quantity which takes on the value zero is said to vanish. For example, the function f(z)=z^2 vanishes at the point z=0. For emphasis, the term "vanish identically" is ...

An ascending chain of subspaces of a vector space. If V is an n-dimensional vector space, a flag of V is a filtration V_0 subset V_1 subset ... subset V_r, (1) where all ...

Given a topological vector space X and a neighborhood V of 0 in X, the polar K=K(V) of V is defined to be the set K(V)={Lambda in X^*:|Lambdax|<=1 for every x in V} and where ...

Let H_nu^((iota))(x) be a Hankel function of the first or second kind, let x,nu>0, and define w=sqrt((x/nu)^2-1). Then ...

Weak convergence is usually either denoted x_nw; ->x or x_n->x. A sequence {x_n} of vectors in an inner product space E is called weakly convergent to a vector in E if ...

Let one grain of wheat be placed on the first square of a chessboard, two on the second, four on the third, eight on the fourth, etc. How many grains total are placed on an ...

Wilker's inequalities state that 2+(16)/(pi^4)x^3tanx<(sin^2x)/(x^2)+(tanx)/x<2+2/(45)x^3tanx for 0<x<pi/2, where the constants 2/45 and 16/pi^4 are the best possible ...

If X_i for i=1, ..., m has a multivariate normal distribution with mean vector mu=0 and covariance matrix Sigma, and X denotes the m×p matrix composed of the row vectors X_i, ...