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A sequence a_1, a_2, ... such that the metric d(a_m,a_n) satisfies lim_(min(m,n)->infty)d(a_m,a_n)=0. Cauchy sequences in the rationals do not necessarily converge, but they ...

In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

sum_(k=0)^m(phi_k(x)phi_k(y))/(gamma_k)=(phi_(m+1)(x)phi_m(y)-phi_m(x)phi_(m+1)(y))/(a_mgamma_m(x-y),) (1) where phi_k(x) are orthogonal polynomials with weighting function ...

A reciprocity theorem for the case n=3 solved by Gauss using "integers" of the form a+brho, when rho is a root of x^2+x+1=0 (i.e., rho equals -(-1)^(1/3) or (-1)^(2/3)) and ...

A function f(x) decreases on an interval I if f(b)<=f(a) for all b>a, where a,b in I. If f(b)<f(a) for all b>a, the function is said to be strictly decreasing. Conversely, a ...

If g is continuous and mu,nu>0, then int_0^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)dxiint_0^xi(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dx =int_0^tdxint_x^t(t-xi)^(mu-1)(xi-x)^(nu-1)g(xi,x)dxi.

G_(ab)=R_(ab)-1/2Rg_(ab), where R_(ab) is the Ricci curvature tensor, R is the scalar curvature, and g_(ab) is the metric tensor. (Wald 1984, pp. 40-41). It satisfies ...

An equirectangular projection is a cylindrical equidistant projection, also called a rectangular projection, plane chart, plate carre, or unprojected map, in which the ...

There exists an absolute constant C such that for any positive integer m, the discrepancy of any sequence {alpha_n} satisfies ...

The bias of an estimator theta^~ is defined as B(theta^~)=<theta^~>-theta. (1) It is therefore true that theta^~-theta = (theta^~-<theta^~>)+(<theta^~>-theta) (2) = ...