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R. C. Read defined the anarboricity of a graph G as the maximum number of edge-disjoint nonacyclic (i.e., cyclic) subgraphs of G whose union is G (Harary and Palmer 1973, p. ...

Let s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the restricted divisor function, and define the aliquot sequence of n by ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence of a set containing all the natural numbers, exists x(emptyset in x ^ forall y in x(y^' in x)), where ...

A map projection on which the azimuths of all points are shown correctly with respect to the center (Snyder 1987, p. 4). A plane tangent to one of the Earth's poles is the ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

Let A and B_j be sets. Conditional probability requires that P(A intersection B_j)=P(A)P(B_j|A), (1) where intersection denotes intersection ("and"), and also that P(A ...

A Belphegor prime (also known as a Beelphegor prime) is a prime Belphegor number, i.e., a palindromic prime of the form 1(0...)666(0...)1. The first few Belphegor primes are ...

The differential equation obtained by applying the biharmonic operator and setting to zero: del ^4phi=0. (1) In Cartesian coordinates, the biharmonic equation is del ^4phi = ...

A quaternion with complex coefficients. The algebra of biquaternions is isomorphic to a full matrix ring over the complex number field (van der Waerden 1985).

A method for finding solutions u and v to a linear congruence au+bv=d by constructing a matrix formed by adjoining a vector containing a and b with a unit matrix, M=[a 1 0; b ...