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Home plate in the game of baseball is an irregular pentagon with two parallel sides, each perpendicular to a base. It seems reasonable to dub such a figure (i.e., a rectangle ...

As Lagrange showed, any irrational number alpha has an infinity of rational approximations p/q which satisfy |alpha-p/q|<1/(sqrt(5)q^2). (1) Furthermore, if there are no ...

The hyperbolic volume of the knot complement of a hyperbolic knot is a knot invariant. Adams (1994) lists the hyperbolic volumes for knots and links. The hyperbolic volume of ...

A riffle shuffle, in which the top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and cards are then alternatively interleaved from the left and right hands. Using an ...

An intrinsically linked graph is a graph having the property that any embedding of it in three dimensions contains a nontrivial link. A graph is intrinsically linked iff it ...

If, after constructing a difference table, no clear pattern emerges, turn the paper through an angle of 60 degrees and compute a new table. If necessary, repeat the process. ...

The Kauffman X-polynomial, also called the normalized bracket polynomial, is a 1-variable knot polynomial denoted X (Adams 1994, p. 153), L (Kauffman 1991, p. 33), or F ...

For every k>=1, let C_k be the set of composite numbers n>k such that if 1<a<n, GCD(a,n)=1 (where GCD is the greatest common divisor), then a^(n-k)=1 (mod n). Special cases ...

Let R^3 be the space in which a knot K sits. Then the space "around" the knot, i.e., everything but the knot itself, is denoted R^3-K and is called the knot complement of K ...

The numbers defined by the recurrence relation K_(n+1)=1+min(2K_(|_n/2_|),3K_(|_n/3_|)), with K_0=1. The first few values for n=0, 1, 2, ... are 1, 3, 3, 4, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, ...