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The flattening of a spheroid (also called oblateness) is denoted epsilon or f (Snyder 1987, p. 13). It is defined as epsilon={(a-c)/a=1-c/a oblate; (c-a)/a=c/a-1 prolate, (1) ...

An elegant algorithm for constructing an Eulerian cycle (Skiena 1990, p. 193).

A graph G is said to be flexible if the vertices of G can be moved continuously so that (1) the distances between adjacent vertices are unchanged, and (2) at least two ...

Let f:R×R->R be a one-parameter family of C^3 maps satisfying f(0,0) = 0 (1) [(partialf)/(partialx)]_(mu=0,x=0) = -1 (2) [(partial^2f)/(partialx^2)]_(mu=0,x=0) < 0 (3) ...

Newton's term for a variable in his method of fluxions (differential calculus).

"Fluxion" is the term for derivative in Newton's calculus, generally denoted with a raised dot, e.g., f^.. The "d-ism" of Leibniz's df/dt eventually won the notation battle ...

A 180 degrees rotation of a tangle. The word "flype" is derived from the old Scottish verb meaning "to turn or fold back." Tait (1898) used this word to indicate a different ...

The distance p (sometimes also denoted k) from the focus to the conic section directrix of a conic section. The following table gives the focal parameter for the different ...

A catastrophe which can occur for one control factor and one behavior axis. It is the universal unfolding of the singularity f(x)=x^3 and has the equation F(x,u)=x^3+ux.

Let M^n be an n-manifold and let F={F_alpha} denote a partition of M into disjoint pathwise-connected subsets. Then if F is a foliation of M, each F_alpha is called a leaf ...