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The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

The orchard-planting problem (also known as the orchard problem or tree-planting problem) asks that n trees be planted so that there will be r(n,k) straight rows with k trees ...

A tree is planted at each lattice point in a circular orchard which has center at the origin and radius r. If the radius of trees exceeds 1/r units, one is unable to see out ...

The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

Two totally ordered sets (A,<=) and (B,<=) are order isomorphic iff there is a bijection f from A to B such that for all a_1,a_2 in A, a_1<=a_2 iff f(a_1)<=f(a_2) (Ciesielski ...

Given a sample of n variates X_1, ..., X_N, reorder them so that Y_1<Y_2<...<Y_N. Then Y_i is called the ith order statistic (Hogg and Craig 1970, p. 146), sometimes also ...

A topology defined on a totally ordered set X whose open sets are all the finite intersections of subsets of the form {x in X|x>a} or {x in X|x<a}, where a in X. The order ...

Every totally ordered set (A,<=) is associated with a so-called order type. Two sets A and B are said to have the same order type iff they are order isomorphic (Ciesielski ...

An ordered factorization is a factorization (not necessarily into prime factors) in which a×b is considered distinct from b×a. The following table lists the ordered ...

A geometry constructed without reference to measurement. The only primitive concepts are those of points and intermediacy. There are 10 axioms underlying ordered geometry.