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The closed plane curve that crosses itself once and consists of one lobe on each side of the intersection. It can be viewed as a circle with a half twist. The fundamental ...

A number x is said to have "n figures" if it takes n digits to express it. The number of figures is therefore equal to one more than the power of 10 in the scientific ...

A formula for numerical integration, (1) where C_(2n) = sum_(i=0)^(n)f_(2i)cos(tx_(2i))-1/2[f_(2n)cos(tx_(2n))+f_0cos(tx_0)] (2) C_(2n-1) = ...

Let S be a nonempty set, then a filter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F, 2. If A,B in F, then A ...

A ring equipped with a filtration.

A filtration of ideals of a commutative unit ring R is a sequence of ideals ... subset= I_2 subset= I_1 subset= I_0=R, such that I_iI_j subset= I_(i+j) for all indices i,j. ...

The q-series identity product_(n=1)^(infty)((1-q^(2n))(1-q^(3n))(1-q^(8n))(1-q^(12n)))/((1-q^n)(1-q^(24n))) = ...

A map psi:M->M, where M is a manifold, is a finite-to-one factor of a map Psi:X->X if there exists a continuous surjective map pi:X->M such that psi degreespi=pi degreesPsi ...

A set which contains a nonnegative integral number of elements is said to be finite. A set which is not finite is said to be infinite. A finite or countably infinite set is ...

A set function mu is finitely additive if, given any finite disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union _(k=1)^nE_k)=sum_(k=1)^nmu(E_k).