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Hypothesis testing is the use of statistics to determine the probability that a given hypothesis is true. The usual process of hypothesis testing consists of four steps. 1. ...

The icosahedral group I_h is the group of symmetries of the icosahedron and dodecahedron having order 120, equivalent to the group direct product A_5×Z_2 of the alternating ...

An identity graph, sometimes also known as an asymmetric graph or rigid graph (Albertson and Collins 1996), is a graph possessing a single graph automorphism. The numbers of ...

An imperfect graph G is a graph that is not perfect. Therefore, graphs G with omega(G)<chi(G) (1) where omega(G) is the clique number and chi(G) is the chromatic number are ...

A class of illusion in which an object which is physically unrealizable is apparently depicted. More than 100 papers have been written about impossible figures (Kulpa 1987), ...

Two sets A and B are said to be independent if their intersection A intersection B=emptyset, where emptyset is the empty set. For example, {A,B,C} and {D,E} are independent, ...

A statistic which assigns a single number to several individual statistics in order to quantify trends. The best-known index in the United States is the consumer price index, ...

A set-theoretic term having a number of different meanings. Fraenkel (1953, p. 37) used the term as a synonym for "finite set." However, according to Russell's definition ...

A mathematical statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another. "a is less than b" is denoted a<b, and "a is greater than b" is denoted a>b. "a is less than ...

The infimum is the greatest lower bound of a set S, defined as a quantity m such that no member of the set is less than m, but if epsilon is any positive quantity, however ...