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The Errera graph is the 17-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof ...

An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

The difference between a quantity and its estimated or measured quantity.

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

Given a formula y=f(x) with an absolute error in x of dx, the absolute error is dy. The relative error is dy/y. If x=f(u,v,...), then ...

The function f(beta,z)|->z^((1+cosbeta+isinbeta)/2), illustrated above for beta=0.4.

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

A closed ideal I in a C^*-algebra A is called essential if I has nonzero intersection with every other nonzero closed ideal A or, equivalently, if aI={0} implies a=0 for all ...

A singular point a for which f(z)(z-a)^n is not differentiable for any integer n>0.

The essential supremum is the proper generalization to measurable functions of the maximum. The technical difference is that the values of a function on a set of measure zero ...