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For a point y in Y, with f(y)=x, the ramification index of f at y is a positive integer e_y such that there is some open neighborhood U of y so that x has only one preimage ...

A type of cusp as illustrated above for the curve x^4+x^2y^2-2x^2y-xy^2+y^2=0.

The fractal-like figure obtained by performing the same iteration as for the Mandelbrot set, but adding a random component R, z_(n+1)=z_n^2+c+R. In the above plot, ...

A statistical distribution in which the variates occur with probabilities asymptotically matching their "true" underlying statistical distribution is said to be random.

Let V and W be vector spaces over a field F, and let T:V->W be a linear transformation. Assuming the dimension of V is finite, then dim(V)=dim(Ker(T))+dim(Im(T)), where ...

A statistical test making use of the statistical ranks of data points. Examples include the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

An epicycloid with n=5 cusps, named after the buttercup genus Ranunculus (Madachy 1979). Its parametric equations are x = a[6cost-cos(6t)] (1) y = a[6sint-sin(6t)]. (2) Its ...

Given two distributions Y and X with joint probability density function f(x,y), let U=Y/X be the ratio distribution. Then the distribution function of u is D(u) = P(U<=u) (1) ...

A rational polynomial is a polynomial having rational coefficients. While the term "rational polynomial" is sometimes used as a synonym for rational function, this usage is ...

A rational quadrilateral is a quadrilateral for which the sides, polygon diagonals, and area are rational. The simplest case has sides a=52, b=25, c=39, and d=60, polygon ...