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A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.

A solitaire game played with cards. The chance of winning is 1/13, and the arithmetic mean of the number of cards turned up is 42.4.

Suppose that X^~,X are arcwise-connected and locally arcwise-connected topological spaces. Then (X^~,p) is said to be a covering space of X if p:X^~->X is a surjective ...

A binary tree in which special nodes are added wherever a null subtree was present in the original tree so that each node in the original tree (except the root node) has ...

In population studies, the direct offspring of a reference population (roughly) constitutes a single generation. For a cellular automaton, the fundamental unit of time during ...

For a unit speed curve on a surface, the length of the surface-tangential component of acceleration is the geodesic curvature kappa_g. Curves with kappa_g=0 are called ...

There are at least three definitions of "groupoid" currently in use. The first type of groupoid is an algebraic structure on a set with a binary operator. The only ...

The set lambda of linear Möbius transformations w which satisfy w(t)=(at+b)/(ct+d), where a and d are odd and b and c are even. lambda is a subgroup of the modular group ...

The Pontryagin number is defined in terms of the Pontryagin class of a manifold as follows. For any collection of Pontryagin classes such that their cup product has the same ...

When can homology classes be realized as the image of fundamental classes of manifolds? The answer is known, and singular bordism groups provide insight into this problem.