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A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.

A solitaire game played with cards. The chance of winning is 1/13, and the arithmetic mean of the number of cards turned up is 42.4.

The property of being continuous.

Suppose that X^~,X are arcwise-connected and locally arcwise-connected topological spaces. Then (X^~,p) is said to be a covering space of X if p:X^~->X is a surjective ...

Discrete group theory is a broad subject covering certain aspects of groups. Such topics as free groups, group presentations, fundamental groups, Kleinian groups, and ...

A binary tree in which special nodes are added wherever a null subtree was present in the original tree so that each node in the original tree (except the root node) has ...

The closed plane curve that crosses itself once and consists of one lobe on each side of the intersection. It can be viewed as a circle with a half twist. The fundamental ...

In population studies, the direct offspring of a reference population (roughly) constitutes a single generation. For a cellular automaton, the fundamental unit of time during ...

The Diophantine equation x^2+y^2=p can be solved for p a prime iff p=1 (mod 4) or p=2. The representation is unique except for changes of sign or rearrangements of x and y. ...

For a unit speed curve on a surface, the length of the surface-tangential component of acceleration is the geodesic curvature kappa_g. Curves with kappa_g=0 are called ...