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A symmetric function on n variables x_1, ..., x_n is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In most contexts, the term "symmetric function" refers ...

The Markström graph is a cubic planar graph on 24 vertices which lacks cycles of length 4 and 8 but contains cycles of length 16. (In particular, it contains cycles of ...

An ungraceful graph is a simple graph that does not possess a graceful labeling, i.e., a graph that is not a graceful graph (Gardner 1972). Such graphs have also been termed ...

Q(n), also denoted q(n) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 825), gives the number of ways of writing the integer n as a sum of positive integers without regard to order with the ...

The apodization function f(x)=1-(|x|)/a (1) which is a generalization of the one-argument triangle function. Its full width at half maximum is a. It has instrument function ...

A symmetric graph is a graph that is both edge- and vertex-transitive (Holton and Sheehan 1993, p. 209). However, care must be taken with this definition since arc-transitive ...

A stacked (or generalized) prism graph Y_(m,n) is a simple graph given by the graph Cartesian product Y_(m,n)=C_m square P_n (Gallian 2007) for positive integers m,n with ...

A nonplanar graph G is said to be critical nonplanar if the removal of a vertex results in a planar graph for every vertex of G. Critical nonplanar graphs differ from apex ...

A quartic nonhamiltonian graph is a quartic graph that is nonhamiltonian. A number of such graphs are illustrated above. Van Cleemput and Zamfirescu (2018) gave a 39-vertex ...

A square-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length four. A simple graph is square-free iff c_4=1/8[Tr(A^4)-2m-2sum_(i!=j)a_(ij)^((2))]=0, where A is the ...