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In predicate calculus, a universal formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...

For any prime number p and any positive integer n, the p^n-rank r_(p^n)(G) of a finitely generated Abelian group G is the number of copies of the cyclic group Z_(p^n) ...

A pentomino is a 5-polyomino. There are 12 free pentominoes, 18 one-sided pentominoes, and 63 fixed pentominoes. The twelve free pentominoes are known by the letters of the ...

The H-fractal is a fractal constructed by starting with the line segments corresponding to a capital letter H, then iteratively placing smaller H's centered at the top and ...

The domino is the unique free (and one-sided) 2-polyomino consisting of two equal squares connected along a complete polygon edge. There are two fixed dominoes.

Discrete group theory is a broad subject covering certain aspects of groups. Such topics as free groups, group presentations, fundamental groups, Kleinian groups, and ...

The closed plane curve that crosses itself once and consists of one lobe on each side of the intersection. It can be viewed as a circle with a half twist. The fundamental ...

A sentential formula that contains at least one free variable (Carnap 1958, p. 24). A sentential variable containing no free variables (i.e., all variables are bound) is ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

A cryptographic hash function is most commonly one of the following: a one-way hash function, a collision-free hash function, a trapdoor one-way hash function, or a function ...