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The ring of integers is the set of integers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ..., which form a ring. This ring is commonly denoted Z (doublestruck Z), or sometimes I (doublestruck I). ...

A brute-force method of finding a divisor of an integer n by simply plugging in one or a set of integers and seeing if they divide n. Repeated application of trial division ...

A Thâbit ibn Kurrah prime, sometimes called a 321-prime, is a Thâbit ibn Kurrah number (i.e., a number of the form 3·2^n-1 for nonnegative integer n) that is prime. The ...

The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep ...

The first of the Hardy-Littlewood conjectures. The k-tuple conjecture states that the asymptotic number of prime constellations can be computed explicitly. In particular, ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC, the triangle DeltaH_AH_BH_C whose vertices are endpoints of the altitudes from each of the vertices of DeltaABC is called the orthic triangle, or ...

Topology

The word residue is used in a number of different contexts in mathematics. Two of the most common uses are the complex residue of a pole, and the remainder of a congruence. ...

The sequence of numbers obtained by letting a_1=2, and defining a_n=lpf(1+product_(k=1)^(n-1)a_k) where lpf(n) is the least prime factor. The first few terms are 2, 3, 7, 43, ...

Let the multiples m, 2m, ..., [(p-1)/2]m of an integer such that pm be taken. If there are an even number r of least positive residues mod p of these numbers >p/2, then m is ...