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There are three flavors of Hough transform. The first (original) was used to detect straight lines in bubble chamber images. The technique parameterizes pattern space, then ...

A root-finding algorithm based on the iteration formula x_(n+1)=x_n-(f(x_n))/(f^'(x_n)){1+(f(x_n)f^('')(x_n))/(2[f^'(x_n)]^2)}. This method, like Newton's method, has poor ...

The lituus is an Archimedean spiral with n=-2, having polar equation r^2theta=a^2. (1) Lituus means a "crook," in the sense of a bishop's crosier. The lituus curve originated ...

A graph Gamma is locally Petersen if, for each point t of Gamma, the graph induced by Gamma on all points adjacent to t (i.e., the neighborhood graph) is isomorphic to the ...

An algorithm for finding roots which retains that prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the ...

Consider a convex pentagon and extend the sides to a pentagram. Externally to the pentagon, there are five triangles. Construct the five circumcircles. Each pair of adjacent ...

Let any finite or infinite set of points having no finite limit point be prescribed and associate with each of its points a principal part, i.e., a rational function of the ...

The theorem of Möbius tetrads, also simply called Möbius's theorem by Baker (1925, p. 18), may be stated as follows. Let P_1, P_2, P_3, and P_4 be four arbitrary points in a ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

An auxiliary latitude also called the reduced latitude and denoted eta or theta. It gives the latitude on a sphere of radius a for which the parallel has the same radius as ...