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For a scalar function f over a surface parameterized by u and v, the surface integral is given by Phi = int_Sfda (1) = int_Sf(u,v)|T_uxT_v|dudv, (2) where T_u and T_v are ...

A surface with boundary is a topological space obtained by identifying edges and vertices of a set of triangles according to all the requirements of a surface except that ...

In the process of attaching a k-handle to a manifold M, the boundary of M is modified by a process called (k-1)-surgery. Surgery consists of the removal of a tubular ...

Plotting l_x from a life expectancy table on a logarithmic scale versus x gives a curve known as a survivorship curve. There are three general classes of survivorship curves, ...

The sequence of graphs starting with the Suzuki graph and successively taking local graphs, summarized in the following table, is known as the Suzuki tower, a name due to ...

A swirl is a generic word to describe a function having arcs which double back around each other. The plots above correspond to the function f(r,theta)=sin(6cosr-ntheta) for ...

A graph that can be reduced to another graph with the same degree sequence by edge-switching is known as a switchable graph. Conversely, a graph that cannot be reduced to ...

The set of elements belonging to one but not both of two given sets. It is therefore the union of the complement of A with respect to B and B with respect to A, and ...

A symmetric function on n variables x_1, ..., x_n is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In most contexts, the term "symmetric function" refers ...

Any square matrix A can be written as a sum A=A_S+A_A, (1) where A_S=1/2(A+A^(T)) (2) is a symmetric matrix known as the symmetric part of A and A_A=1/2(A-A^(T)) (3) is an ...