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Let R be a ring, let A be a subring, and let B be an ideal of R. Then A+B={a+b:a in A,b in B} is a subring of R, A intersection B is an ideal of A and (A+B)/B=A/(A ...

A semiring is a set together with two binary operators S(+,*) satisfying the following conditions: 1. Additive associativity: For all a,b,c in S, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c), 2. Additive ...

Tetrahedron picking is the process of picking tetrahedra at random within a given shape in 3 or higher dimensions. The most natural definition of a random tetrahedron is one ...

Transparallel processing refers to this search for regularities in O(2^N) strings as if only one string of length N were concerned (as is possible if the strings form a ...

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

An odd alternating permutation number, more commonly called an Euler number or secant number.

A generalized hypergeometric function _pF_q[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_p; beta_1,beta_2,...,beta_q;z], is said to be k-balanced if sum_(i=1)^qbeta_i=k+sum_(i=1)^palpha_i.

In algebra, a period is a number that can be written an integral of an algebraic function over an algebraic domain. More specifically, a period is a real number ...

An atlas is a collection of consistent coordinate charts on a manifold, where "consistent" most commonly means that the transition functions of the charts are smooth. As the ...

The skeleton of the bislit cube is the 8-vertex simple graph, illustrated above in several embeddings, which consists of a cube in which two opposite faces have polyhedron ...