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Quantile-quantile plots (also called q-q plots) are used to determine if two data sets come from populations with a common distribution. In such a plot, points are formed ...

Given a straight segment of track of length l, add a small segment Deltal so that the track bows into a circular arc. Find the maximum displacement d of the bowed track. The ...

The Randić index of a graph is defined as half the sum of the matrix elements of its Randić matrix. While the index was introduced to model the branching of the carbon-atom ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

The so-called reaching algorithm can solve the shortest path problem (i.e., the problem of finding the graph geodesic between two given nodes) on an m-edge graph in O(m) ...

A rhombus is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel and all sides the same length, i.e., an equilateral parallelogram. The word rhomb is sometimes used ...

The Riemann-Siegel integral formula is the following representation of the xi-function xi(s) found in Riemann's Nachlass by Bessel-Hagen in 1926 (Siegel 1932; Edwards 2001, ...

The rule which determines the orientation of the cross product u×v. The right-hand rule states that the orientation of the vectors' cross product is determined by placing u ...

A right triangle is triangle with an angle of 90 degrees (pi/2 radians). The sides a, b, and c of such a triangle satisfy the Pythagorean theorem a^2+b^2=c^2, (1) where the ...

Rodrigues' rotation formula gives an efficient method for computing the rotation matrix R in SO(3) corresponding to a rotation by an angle theta about a fixed axis specified ...