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Any system of phi(n) integers, where phi(n) is the totient function, representing all the residue classes relatively prime to n is called a reduced residue system (Nagell ...

The kernel of a ring homomorphism f:R-->S is the set of all elements of R which are mapped to zero. It is the kernel of f as a homomorphism of additive groups. It is an ideal ...

Let R be a ring, let A be a subring, and let B be an ideal of R. Then A+B={a+b:a in A,b in B} is a subring of R, A intersection B is an ideal of A and (A+B)/B=A/(A ...

A semiring is a set together with two binary operators S(+,*) satisfying the following conditions: 1. Additive associativity: For all a,b,c in S, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c), 2. Additive ...

Tetrahedron picking is the process of picking tetrahedra at random within a given shape in 3 or higher dimensions. The most natural definition of a random tetrahedron is one ...

Transparallel processing refers to this search for regularities in O(2^N) strings as if only one string of length N were concerned (as is possible if the strings form a ...

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

An odd alternating permutation number, more commonly called an Euler number or secant number.

A generalized hypergeometric function _pF_q[alpha_1,alpha_2,...,alpha_p; beta_1,beta_2,...,beta_q;z], is said to be k-balanced if sum_(i=1)^qbeta_i=k+sum_(i=1)^palpha_i.

In algebra, a period is a number that can be written an integral of an algebraic function over an algebraic domain. More specifically, a period is a real number ...