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If Y_i have normal independent distributions with mean 0 and variance 1, then chi^2=sum_(i=1)^rY_i^2 (1) is distributed as chi^2 with r degrees of freedom. This makes a chi^2 ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

The envelope of the plane lx+my+nz=c, (1) where c is the speed of propagation of a wave in the direction (l,m,n) (i.e., l, m, and n are the direction cosines) is known as the ...

The geometric distribution is a discrete distribution for n=0, 1, 2, ... having probability density function P(n) = p(1-p)^n (1) = pq^n, (2) where 0<p<1, q=1-p, and ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

The process of finding a reduced set of basis vectors for a given lattice having certain special properties. Lattice reduction algorithms are used in a number of modern ...

The mean line segment length l^_ is the average length of a line segment in line segment picking within some given shape. As summarized in the following table (where Delta(3) ...

In the field of percolation theory, the term percolation threshold is used to denote the probability which "marks the arrival" (Grimmett 1999) of an infinite connected ...

The word quantile has no fewer than two distinct meanings in probability. Specific elements x in the range of a variate X are called quantiles, and denoted x (Evans et al. ...