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A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.

Li and Yorke (1975) proved that any one-dimensional system which exhibits a regular cycle of period three will also display regular cycles of every other length as well as ...

All elementary functions can be extended to the complex plane. Such definitions agree with the real definitions on the x-axis and constitute an analytic continuation.

The permutation symbol (Evett 1966; Goldstein 1980, p. 172; Aris 1989, p. 16) is a three-index object sometimes called the Levi-Civita symbol (Weinberg 1972, p. 38; Misner et ...

The permutohedron is the n-dimensional generalization of the hexagon. The n-permutohedron is the convex hull of all permutations of the vector (x_1,x_2,...,x_(n+1)) in ...

The "perp dot product" a^_|_·b for a and b vectors in the plane is a modification of the two-dimensional dot product in which a is replaced by the perpendicular vector ...

If all elements a_(ij) of an irreducible matrix A are nonnegative, then R=minM_lambda is an eigenvalue of A and all the eigenvalues of A lie on the disk |z|<=R, where, if ...

If mu=(mu_1,mu_2,...,mu_n) is an arbitrary set of positive numbers, then all eigenvalues lambda of the n×n matrix a=a_(ij) lie on the disk |z|<=m_mu, where ...

The line joining the three collinear points of intersection of the extensions of corresponding sides in perspective triangles, also called the perspectrix or homology axis.

The point at which the three lines connecting the polygon vertices of perspective triangles (from a point) concur, sometimes also called the homology center, pole, or, in ...