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A number is said to be squarefree (or sometimes quadratfrei; Shanks 1993) if its prime decomposition contains no repeated factors. All primes are therefore trivially ...

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

The measurable space (S^',S^') into which a random variable from a probability space is a measurable function.

The value at a stationary point.

(Deltau)_i^2=(u_i-u^_)^2, where u^_ is the average of {u_i}.

The probability of getting a positive result for a given test which should produce a positive result.

Three sets of three lines such that each line is incident with two from both other sets.

The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

Let the stick number s(K) of a knot K be the least number of straight sticks needed to make a knot K. The smallest stick number of any knot is s(T)=6, where T is the trefoil ...

A method of stochastic optimization including techniques such as gradient search or Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation.