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A two-dimensional affine geometry constructed over a finite field. For a field F of size n, the affine plane consists of the set of points which are ordered pairs of elements ...

Let V be a vector space over a field K, and let A be a nonempty set. Now define addition p+a in A for any vector a in V and element p in A subject to the conditions: 1. ...

An algorithm which extrapolates the partial sums s_n of a series sum_(n)a_n whose convergence is approximately geometric and accelerates its rate of convergence. The ...

An Anosov diffeomorphism is a C^1 diffeomorphism phi of a manifold M to itself such that the tangent bundle of M is hyperbolic with respect to phi. Very few classes of Anosov ...

The best known example of an Anosov diffeomorphism. It is given by the transformation [x_(n+1); y_(n+1)]=[1 1; 1 2][x_n; y_n], (1) where x_(n+1) and y_(n+1) are computed mod ...

In simple terms, let x, y, and z be members of an algebra. Then the algebra is said to be associative if x·(y·z)=(x·y)·z, (1) where · denotes multiplication. More formally, ...

A coordinate system which is similar to bispherical coordinates but having fourth-degree surfaces instead of second-degree surfaces for constant mu. The coordinates are given ...

In homogeneous coordinates, the first positive quadrant joins (0,1) with (1,0) by "points" (f_1,f_2), and is mapped onto the hyperbolic line -infty<u<+infty by the ...

A block diagonal matrix, also called a diagonal block matrix, is a square diagonal matrix in which the diagonal elements are square matrices of any size (possibly even 1×1), ...

A Tschirnhausen transformation can be used to take a general quintic equation to the form x^5-x-a=0, where a may be complex.