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A "squashed" spheroid for which the equatorial radius a is greater than the polar radius c, so a>c (called an oblate ellipsoid by Tietze 1965, p. 27). An oblate spheroid is a ...

A prolate spheroid is a spheroid that is "pointy" instead of "squashed," i.e., one for which the polar radius c is greater than the equatorial radius a, so c>a (called ...

A bar (also called an overbar) is a horizontal line written above a mathematical symbol to give it some special meaning. If the bar is placed over a single symbol, as in x^_ ...

Midpoint augmentation, a term introduced here, is a variant of conventional augmentation in which each facial polygon is replaced by a triangular polygon joining vertices ...

Let delta=z>=z_(observed). A value 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(delta)<=alpha is considered "significant" (i.e., is not simply due to chance) is known as an alpha value. The ...

An expression is called "well-defined" (or "unambiguous") if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value. Otherwise, the expression is said to not be ...

Some authors define a general Airy differential equation as y^('')+/-k^2xy=0. (1) This equation can be solved by series solution using the expansions y = ...

A square which is magic under multiplication instead of addition (the operation used to define a conventional magic square) is called a multiplication magic square. Unlike ...

The proposal originally made by Georg Cantor that there is no infinite set with a cardinal number between that of the "small" infinite set of integers aleph_0 and the "large" ...

The Heaviside step function is a mathematical function denoted H(x), or sometimes theta(x) or u(x) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 1020), and also known as the "unit step ...