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The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

The Freemish crate, also called Escher's cube (Elber) or Hyzer's illusion (Pappas 1989, p. 13), is an impossible figure box that can be drawn but not built. It appears in ...

A copositive matrix is a real n×n square matrix A=(a_(ij)) that makes the corresponding quadratic form f(x)=x^(T)Ax nonnegative for all nonnegative n-vectors x. Copositive ...

For any system that seeks to minimize a function, only seven different local forms of catastrophe "typically" occur for four or fewer variables: 1. Fold catastrophe, 2. Cusp ...

Cantor dust is a fractal that can be constructed using string rewriting beginning with a cell [0] and iterating the rules {0->[0 0 0; 0 0 0; 0 0 0],1->[1 0 1; 0 0 0; 1 0 1]}. ...

The Haferman carpet is the beautiful fractal constructed using string rewriting beginning with a cell [1] and iterating the rules {0->[1 1 1; 1 1 1; 1 1 1],1->[0 1 0; 1 0 1; ...

Macdonald's plane partition conjecture proposes a formula for the number of cyclically symmetric plane partitions (CSPPs) of a given integer whose Ferrers diagrams fit inside ...

A catastrophe which can occur for three control factors and one behavior axis. The swallowtail catastrophe is the universal unfolding of singularity f(x)=x^5 with codimension ...

The term "transition matrix" is used in a number of different contexts in mathematics. In linear algebra, it is sometimes used to mean a change of coordinates matrix. In the ...

A Greek cross, also called a square cross, is a cross in the shape of a plus sign. It is a non-regular dodecagon. A square cross appears on the flag of Switzerland, and also ...