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The Prosthaphaeresis formulas, also known as Simpson's formulas, are trigonometry formulas that convert a product of functions into a sum or difference. They are given by ...

A simple closed curve on a sphere that is not necessarily a great circle but merely intersects as a great circle would (Billera et al. 1999).

The case of the Weierstrass elliptic function with invariants g_2=-1 and g_3=0. The half-periods for this case are L(1+i)/4 and L(-1+i)/4, where L is the lemniscate constant ...

A typical vector (i.e., a vector such as the radius vector r) is transformed to its negative under inversion of its coordinate axes. Such "proper" vectors are known as polar ...

For a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of the products of the two pairs of opposite sides equals the product of the diagonals AB×CD+BC×DA=AC×BD (1) (Kimberling 1998, p. 223). ...

A type of cryptography in which the encoding key is revealed without compromising the encoded message. The two best-known methods are the knapsack problem and RSA encryption.

The William Lowell Putnam Mathematics Competition is an annual mathematics contest open to North American college students administered by the Mathematical Association of ...

A mathematical problem, usually not requiring advanced mathematics, to which a solution is desired. Puzzles frequently require the rearrangement of existing pieces (e.g., 15 ...

The Pythagoras tree is a fractal constructed iteratively from a right triangle with squares erected on each of the sides. Subsequent iterations add additional similar right ...

The Pythagorean means are the three "classic" means A (the arithmetic mean), G (the geometric mean), and H (the harmonic mean) are sometimes known as the Pythagorean means. ...