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The use of the principle of mathematical induction in a proof. Induction used in mathematics is often called mathematical induction.

An infinitesimal which is not the differential of an actual function and which cannot be expressed as dz=((partialz)/(partialx))_ydx+((partialz)/(partialy))_xdy, the way an ...

Greater than any assignable quantity of the sort in question. In mathematics, the concept of the infinite is made more precise through the notion of an infinite set.

A graph that is not finite is called infinite.

An infinitesimal is some quantity that is explicitly nonzero and yet smaller in absolute value than any real quantity. The understanding of infinitesimals was a major ...

Let B, A, and e be square matrices with e small, and define B=A(I+e), (1) where I is the identity matrix. Then the inverse of B is approximately B^(-1)=(I-e)A^(-1). (2) This ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

In a category C, an initial object is an object I in Ob(C) such that for any other object X in Ob(C), there is one and only one morphism from I to X.

An injective patch is a patch such that x(u_1,v_1)=x(u_2,v_2) implies that u_1=u_2 and v_1=v_2. An example of a patch which is injective but not regular is the function ...

An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. The automorphism of the symmetric group S_3 that maps the ...