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Guy's conjecture, which has not yet been proven or disproven, states that the graph crossing number for a complete graph K_n is ...

The first Hardy-Littlewood conjecture is called the k-tuple conjecture. It states that the asymptotic number of prime constellations can be computed explicitly. A particular ...

An integer j(n) is called a jumping champion if j(n) is the most frequently occurring difference between consecutive primes <=n (Odlyzko et al. 1999). This term was coined by ...

Lehmer (1938) showed that every positive irrational number x has a unique infinite continued cotangent representation of the form x=cot[sum_(k=0)^infty(-1)^kcot^(-1)b_k], (1) ...

A common fraction is a fraction in which numerator and denominator are both integers, as opposed to fractions. For example, 2/5 is a common fraction, while (1/3)/(2/5) is ...

A fraction a/b written in lowest terms, i.e., by dividing numerator and denominator through by their greatest common divisor (a,b). For example, 2/3 is the reduced fraction ...

Consider decomposition the factorial n! into multiplicative factors p_k^(b_k) arranged in nondecreasing order. For example, 4! = 3·2^3 (1) = 2·3·4 (2) = 2·2·2·3 (3) and 5! = ...

Find a way to stack a square of cannonballs laid out on the ground into a square pyramid (i.e., find a square number which is also square pyramidal). This corresponds to ...

A Fermat pseudoprime to a base a, written psp(a), is a composite number n such that a^(n-1)=1 (mod n), i.e., it satisfies Fermat's little theorem. Sometimes the requirement ...

A Diophantine problem (i.e., one whose solution must be given in terms of integers) which seeks a solution to the following problem. Given n men and a pile of coconuts, each ...