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A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...

A second-order ordinary differential equation arising in the study of stellar interiors, also called the polytropic differential equations. It is given by ...

A grand unified theory of mathematics which includes the search for a generalization of Artin reciprocity (known as Langlands reciprocity) to non-Abelian Galois extensions of ...

Using the notation of Byerly (1959, pp. 252-253), Laplace's equation can be reduced to (1) where alpha = cint_c^lambda(dlambda)/(sqrt((lambda^2-b^2)(lambda^2-c^2))) (2) = ...

A Lie group is a smooth manifold obeying the group properties and that satisfies the additional condition that the group operations are differentiable. This definition is ...

Consider a line segment of length 1, and pick a point x at random between [0,1]. This point x divides the line into line segments of length x and 1-x. If a set of points are ...

A continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable has a normal distribution. It is a general case of Gibrat's distribution, to which the log normal distribution ...

Consider a reference triangle DeltaABC and externally inscribe a square on the side BC. Now join the new vertices S_(AB) and S_(AC) of this square with the vertex A, marking ...

Consider the sequence of partial sums defined by s_n=sum_(k=1)^n(-1)^kk^(1/k). (1) As can be seen in the plot above, the sequence has two limit points at -0.812140... and ...

Let E be a compact connected subset of d-dimensional Euclidean space. Gross (1964) and Stadje (1981) proved that there is a unique real number a(E) such that for all x_1, ...