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A quantity which takes on the value zero is said to vanish. For example, the function f(z)=z^2 vanishes at the point z=0. For emphasis, the term "vanish identically" is ...

The vertex height of a vertex v in a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between v and a tree leaf. The height of the root vertex of a rooted tree ...

int_0^(pi/2)cos^nxdx = int_0^(pi/2)sin^nxdx (1) = (sqrt(pi)Gamma(1/2(n+1)))/(nGamma(1/2n)) (2) = ((n-1)!!)/(n!!){1/2pi for n=2, 4, ...; 1 for n=3, 5, ..., (3) where Gamma(n) ...

int_0^inftyJ_0(ax)cos(cx)dx={0 a<c; 1/(sqrt(a^2-c^2)) a>c (1) int_0^inftyJ_0(ax)sin(cx)dx={1/(sqrt(c^2-a^2)) a<c; 0 a>c, (2) where J_0(z) is a zeroth order Bessel function of ...

A lattice path from one point to another is p-good if it lies completely below the line y=(p-1)x. (1) Hilton and Pederson (1991) show that the number of p-good paths from (1, ...

_8phi_7[a,qa^(1/2),-qa^(1/2),b,c,d,e,q^(-N); a^(1/2),-a^(1/2),(aq)/b,(aq)/c,(aq)/d,(aq)/e,aq^(N+1);q,(aq^(N+2))/(bcde)] ...

Catastrophe theory studies how the qualitative nature of equation solutions depends on the parameters that appear in the equations. Subspecializations include bifurcation ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

The divided difference f[x_0,x_1,x_2,...,x_n], sometimes also denoted [x_0,x_1,x_2,...,x_n] (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), on n+1 points x_0, x_1, ..., x_n of a function f(x) ...

Lagrange multipliers, also called Lagrangian multipliers (e.g., Arfken 1985, p. 945), can be used to find the extrema of a multivariate function f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) subject to ...