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In the early 1960s, B. Birch and H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer conjectured that if a given elliptic curve has an infinite number of solutions, then the associated L-series has ...

Let F(nu) and G(nu) be the Fourier transforms of f(t) and g(t), respectively. Then int_(-infty)^inftyf(t)g^_(t)dt ...

Perfect numbers are positive integers n such that n=s(n), (1) where s(n) is the restricted divisor function (i.e., the sum of proper divisors of n), or equivalently ...

The Feigenbaum constant delta is a universal constant for functions approaching chaos via period doubling. It was discovered by Feigenbaum in 1975 (Feigenbaum 1979) while ...

The next prime function NP(n) gives the smallest prime larger than n. The function can be given explicitly as NP(n)=p_(1+pi(n)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...

The previous prime function PP(n) gives the largest prime less than n. The function can be given explicitly as PP(n)=p_(pi(n-1)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...

An algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be computed. The method of steepest descent, also ...

A set function mu is said to possess finite subadditivity if, given any finite disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

Let a discrete distribution have probability function p_k, and let a second discrete distribution have probability function q_k. Then the relative entropy of p with respect ...

Let J_nu(z) be a Bessel function of the first kind, Y_nu(z) a Bessel function of the second kind, and K_nu(z) a modified Bessel function of the first kind. Also let R[z]>0 ...