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The Schur decomposition of a complex square matrix A is a matrix decomposition of the form Q^(H)AQ=T=D+N, (1) where Q is a unitary matrix, Q^(H) is its conjugate transpose, ...

Let (x_1,x_2) and (y_1,y_2,y_3) be two sets of complex numbers linearly independent over the rationals. Then at least one of ...

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...

A function has compact support if it is zero outside of a compact set. Alternatively, one can say that a function has compact support if its support is a compact set. For ...

The Gauss map is a function N from an oriented surface M in Euclidean space R^3 to the unit sphere in R^3. It associates to every point on the surface its oriented unit ...

The logarithm log_bx for a base b and a number x is defined to be the inverse function of taking b to the power x, i.e., b^x. Therefore, for any x and b, x=log_b(b^x), (1) or ...

A set within which the values of a function lie (as opposed to the range, which is the set of values that the function actually takes).

For a given function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the lower sum is the sum of box areas m^*Deltax_k using the infimum m of the function f(x) in each subinterval ...

If f(x) is a monotonically increasing integrable function on [a,b] with f(b)<=0, then if g is a real function integrable on [a,b], ...

For a function with 2 degrees of freedom, the 2-dimensional phase space that is accessible to the function or object is called its phase plane.