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The exterior of a knot K is the complement of an open solid torus knotted like K. The removed open solid torus is called a tubular neighborhood (Adams 1994, p. 258).

The Alexander invariant H_*(X^~) of a knot K is the homology of the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of K, considered as a module over Lambda, the ring of integral ...

The set of points, known as boundary points, which are members of the set closure of a given set S and the set closure of its complement set. The boundary is sometimes called ...

A point which is a member of the set closure of a given set S and the set closure of its complement set. If A is a subset of R^n, then a point x in R^n is a boundary point of ...

The singular support of a generalized function u is the complement of the largest open set on which u is smooth. Roughly speaking, it is the closed set where the distribution ...

Let L be a link in R^3 and let there be a disk D in the link complement R^3-L. Then a surface F such that D intersects F exactly in its boundary and its boundary does not ...

Rule 28 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

A cograph (or "complement-reducible graph") is simple graph defined by the criteria 1. K_1 is a cograph, 2. If X is a cograph, then so is its graph complement, and 3. If X ...

The graph complement of a graph hole. Graph antiholes are called even if they have an even number of vertices and odd if they have an odd number of vertices (Chvátal). No odd ...

The condition for isoenergetic nondegeneracy for a Hamiltonian H=H_0(I)+epsilonH_1(I,theta) is |(partial^2H_0)/(partialI_ipartialI_j) (partialH_0)/(partialI_i); ...