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If a function phi:(0,infty)->(0,infty) satisfies 1. ln[phi(x)] is convex, 2. phi(x+1)=xphi(x) for all x>0, and 3. phi(1)=1, then phi(x) is the gamma function Gamma(x). ...

The number of "prime" boxes is always finite, where a set of boxes is prime if it cannot be built up from one or more given configurations of boxes.

Let R be a ring. If phi:R->S is a ring homomorphism, then Ker(phi) is an ideal of R, phi(R) is a subring of S, and R/Ker(phi)=phi(R).

An algebraically soluble equation of odd prime degree which is irreducible in the natural field possesses either 1. Only a single real root, or 2. All real roots.

Given n mutually exclusive events A_1, ..., A_n whose probabilities sum to unity, then P(B)=P(B|A_1)P(A_1)+...+P(B|A_n)P(A_n), where B is an arbitrary event, and P(B|A_i) is ...

A box can be packed with a harmonic brick a×ab×abc iff the box has dimensions ap×abq×abcr for some natural numbers p, q, r (i.e., the box is a multiple of the brick).

Let g(x)=(1-x^2)(1-k^2x^2). Then int_0^a(dx)/(sqrt(g(x)))+int_0^b(dx)/(sqrt(g(x)))=int_0^c(dx)/(sqrt(g(x))), where c=(bsqrt(g(a))+asqrt(g(b)))/(sqrt(1-k^2a^2b^2)).

Let A, B, and C be three circles in the plane, and let X be any circle touching B and C. Then build up a chain of circles such that Y:CAX, Z:ABY, X^':BCZ, Y^':CAX^', ...

If a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x-r), then the remainder is a constant given by P(r).

A group G is nilpotent if the upper central sequence 1=Z_0<=Z_1<=Z_2<=...<=Z_n<=... of the group terminates with Z_n=G for some n. Nilpotent groups have the property that ...