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A method for computing the prime counting function. Define the function T_k(x,a)=(-1)^(beta_0+beta_1+...+beta_(a-1))|_x/(p_1^(beta_0)p_2^(beta_1)...p_a^(beta_(a-1)))_|, (1) ...

1. Find a complete system of invariants, or 2. Decide when two metrics differ only by a coordinate transformation. The most common statement of the problem is, "Given metrics ...

The midcircle of two given circles is the circle which would invert the circles into each other. Dixon (1991) gives constructions for the midcircle for four of the five ...

A minimum vertex cut of a graph is a vertex cut of smallest possible size. A vertex cut set of size 1 in a connected graph corresponds to an articulation vertex. The size of ...

The Minkowski metric, also called the Minkowski tensor or pseudo-Riemannian metric, is a tensor eta_(alphabeta) whose elements are defined by the matrix (eta)_(alphabeta)=[-1 ...

Polynomials M_k(x) which form the associated Sheffer sequence for f(t)=(e^t-1)/(e^t+1) (1) and have the generating function sum_(k=0)^infty(M_k(x))/(k!)t^k=((1+t)/(1-t))^x. ...

A class of automata similar to cellular automata but which have a single "active" cell instead of updating all cells in parallel. In a mobile automaton, the evolution rules ...

The moment problem, also called "Hausdorff's moment problem" or the "little moment problem," may be stated as follows. Given a sequence of numbers {mu_n}_(n=0)^infty, under ...

Let A be a non-unital C^*-algebra. There is a unique (up to isomorphism) unital C^*-algebra which contains A as an essential ideal and is maximal in the sense that any other ...

A real quantity having a value less than zero (<0) is said to be negative. Negative numbers are denoted with a minus sign preceding the corresponding positive number, i.e., ...