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For any system that seeks to minimize a function, only seven different local forms of catastrophe "typically" occur for four or fewer variables: 1. Fold catastrophe, 2. Cusp ...

Given A = |a_(11)-x a_(12) ... a_(1m); a_(21) a_(22)-x ... a_(2m); | | ... |; a_(m1) a_(m2) ... a_(mm)-x| (1) = x^m+c_(m-1)x^(m-1)+...+c_0, (2) then ...

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

A central circle is a circle with trilinear equation (lalpha+mbeta+ngamma)(aalpha+bbeta+cgamma)+k(abetagamma+bgammaalpha+calphabeta)=0 such that l:m:n is a triangle center ...

The pedal curve of a unit circle with parametric equation x = cost (1) y = sint (2) with pedal point (x,y) is x_p = cost-ycostsint+xsin^2t (3) y_p = ...

In the figure above with tangent line PT and secant line PA, (PA)/(PT)=(PT)/(PB) (1) (Jurgensen et al. 1963, p. 346). The line tangent to a circle of radius a centered at ...

The circum-medial triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' is the circumcevian triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC with respect to the triangle centroid G of DeltaABC (Kimberling 1998, ...

Consider a combination lock consisting of n buttons that can be pressed in any combination (including multiple buttons at once), but in such a way that each number is pressed ...

A curve whose name means "shell form." Let C be a curve and O a fixed point. Let P and P^' be points on a line from O to C meeting it at Q, where P^'Q=QP=k, with k a given ...

The Condon-Shortley phase is the factor of (-1)^m that occurs in some definitions of the spherical harmonics (e.g., Arfken 1985, p. 682) to compensate for the lack of ...