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Percolation theory deals with fluid flow (or any other similar process) in random media. If the medium is a set of regular lattice points, then there are two main types of ...

Poker is a card game played with a normal deck of 52 cards. Sometimes, additional cards called "jokers" are also used. In straight or draw poker, each player is normally ...

There are several different definitions of the barbell graph. Most commonly and in this work, the n-barbell graph is the simple graph obtained by connecting two copies of a ...

The word "graph" has (at least) two meanings in mathematics. In elementary mathematics, "graph" refers to a function graph or "graph of a function," i.e., a plot. In a ...

An out-shuffle, also known as a perfect shuffle (Golomb 1961), is a riffle shuffle in which the top half of the deck is placed in the right hand, and cards are then ...

The n-pan graph is the graph obtained by joining a cycle graph C_n to a singleton graph K_1 with a bridge. The n-pan graph is therefore isomorphic with the (n,1)-tadpole ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

The (m,n)-tadpole graph, also called a dragon graph (Truszczyński 1984) or kite graph (Kim and Park 2006), is the graph obtained by joining a cycle graph C_m to a path graph ...

Multiply all the digits of a number n by each other, repeating with the product until a single digit is obtained. The number of steps required is known as the multiplicative ...