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A set of functions {f_1(n,x),f_2(n,x)} is termed a complete biorthogonal system in the closed interval R if, they are biorthogonal, i.e., int_Rf_1(m,x)f_1(n,x)dx = ...

A complex map is a map f:C->C. The following table lists several common types of complex maps. map formula domain complex magnification f(z)=az a in R, a>0 complex rotation ...

A function f(x) is said to be concave on an interval [a,b] if, for any points x_1 and x_2 in [a,b], the function -f(x) is convex on that interval (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000).

Since the derivative of a constant is zero, any constant may be added to an indefinite integral (i.e., antiderivative) and will still correspond to the same integral. Another ...

A continuous map is a continuous function between two topological spaces. In some fields of mathematics, the term "function" is reserved for functions which are into the real ...

A set function mu is said to possess countable subadditivity if, given any countable disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

A counterexample is a form of counter proof. Given a hypothesis stating that F(x) is true for all x in S, show that there exists a b in S such that F(b) is false, ...

The covercosine, also called the coversed cosine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by covercos(z) = vercos(1/2pi-z) (1) = 1+sinz, (2) where vercosz is the ...

A function y=f(x) has critical points at all points x_0 where f^'(x_0)=0 or f(x) is not differentiable. A function z=f(x,y) has critical points where the gradient del f=0 or ...

A vector v on a Hilbert space H is said to be cyclic if there exists some bounded linear operator T on H so that the set of orbits {T^iv}_(i=0)^infty={v,Tv,T^2v,...} is dense ...