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The successive square method is an algorithm to compute a^b in a finite field GF(p). The first step is to decompose b in successive powers of two, b=sum_(i)delta_i2^i, (1) ...

In the American system, one trillion equals 10^(12)=1000000000000. In the French and German systems, one trillion equals 10^(18). In recent years, the "American" system has ...

A vertex-induced subgraph (sometimes simply called an "induced subgraph") is a subset of the vertices of a graph G together with any edges whose endpoints are both in this ...

An amazing pandigital approximation to e that is correct to 18457734525360901453873570 decimal digits is given by (1+9^(-4^(7·6)))^(3^(2^(85))), (1) found by R. Sabey in 2004 ...

A generalization of an Ulam sequence in which each term is the sum of two earlier terms in exactly s ways. (s,t)-additive sequences are a further generalization in which each ...

The hypothesis that an integer n is prime iff it satisfies the condition that 2^n-2 is divisible by n. Dickson (2005, p. 91) stated that Leibniz believe to have proved that ...

The probability that a random integer between 1 and x will have its greatest prime factor <=x^alpha approaches a limiting value F(alpha) as x->infty, where F(alpha)=1 for ...

By analogy with the divisor function sigma_1(n), let pi(n)=product_(d|n)d (1) denote the product of the divisors d of n (including n itself). For n=1, 2, ..., the first few ...

n Sloane's 2^n 3^n 4^n 5^n 6^n 7^n 8^n 9^n 1 A000027 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 A002993 4 9 1 2 3 4 6 8 3 A002994 8 2 6 1 2 3 5 7 4 A097408 1 8 2 6 1 2 4 6 5 A097409 3 2 1 3 7 1 3 5 6 ...

An irreducible representation of a group is a group representation that has no nontrivial invariant subspaces. For example, the orthogonal group O(n) has an irreducible ...