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A birotunda in which the bases are in the same orientation.

A sequence of polynomials p_i(x), for i=0, 1, 2, ..., where p_i(x) is exactly of degree i for all i.

If a is (directly) proportional to b, then a/b is a constant. The relationship is written a proportional b, which implies a=cb, for some constant c known as the constant of ...

The notation R^_ denotes the set of affinely extended real numbers.

Euclidean n-space is denoted R^n.

The modular equation of degree five can be written (u/v)^3+(v/u)^3=2(u^2v^2-1/(u^2v^2)).

An algorithm which finds the least nonnegative value of sqrt(a (mod p)) for given a and prime p.

A congruence that has a solution.

If the Lexis ratio L<1, a set of trials are said to be subnormal.

A quantity which is subtracted from another (the minuend).