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B-trees were introduced by Bayer (1972) and McCreight. They are a special m-ary balanced tree used in databases because their structure allows records to be inserted, ...

The binary logarithm log_2x is the logarithm to base 2. The notation lgx is sometimes used to denote this function in number theoretic literature. However, because Russian ...

The number of binary bits necessary to represent a number, given explicitly by BL(n) = 1+|_lgn_| (1) = [lg(n+1)], (2) where [x] is the ceiling function, |_x_| is the floor ...

The second part of Pollard rho factorization method concerns detection of the fact that a sequence has become periodic. Pollard's original suggestion was to use the idea ...

Calabi's triangle is the unique triangle other that the equilateral triangle for which the largest inscribed square can be inscribed in three different ways (Calabi 1997). ...

A Cartesian product of any finite or infinite set I of copies of Z_2, equipped with the product topology derived from the discrete topology of Z_2. It is denoted Z_2^I. The ...

A Carmichael number is an odd composite number n which satisfies Fermat's little theorem a^(n-1)-1=0 (mod n) (1) for every choice of a satisfying (a,n)=1 (i.e., a and n are ...

Champernowne's constant C=0.12345678910111213... (1) (OEIS A033307) is the number obtained by concatenating the positive integers and interpreting them as decimal digits to ...

The Chebotarev density theorem is a complicated theorem in algebraic number theory which yields an asymptotic formula for the density of prime ideals of a number field K that ...

If r is the inradius of a circle inscribed in a right triangle with sides a and b and hypotenuse c, then r=1/2(a+b-c). (1) A Sangaku problem dated 1803 from the Gumma ...