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For a braid with M strands, R components, P positive crossings, and N negative crossings, {P-N<=U_++M-R if P>=N; P-N<=U_-+M-R if P<=N, (1) where U_+/- are the smallest number ...

Measure theory is the study of measures. It generalizes the intuitive notions of length, area, and volume. The earliest and most important examples are Jordan measure and ...

An integral of the form intf(z)dz, (1) i.e., without upper and lower limits, also called an antiderivative. The first fundamental theorem of calculus allows definite ...

The Heawood four-color graph is the 25-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's ...

Given any straight line and a point not on it, there "exists one and only one straight line which passes" through that point and never intersects the first line, no matter ...

The Poussin graph is the 15-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof ...

Roman (1984, p. 26) defines "the" binomial identity as the equation p_n(x+y)=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)p_k(y)p_(n-k)(x). (1) Iff the sequence p_n(x) satisfies this identity for all y ...

The Kittell graph is a planar graph on 23 nodes and 63 edges that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof of ...

An Ore graph is a graph that satisfies Ore's theorem, i.e., a graph G for which the sums of the degrees of nonadjacent vertices is greater than or equal to the number of ...

Let P(E_i) be the probability that E_i is true, and P( union _(i=1)^nE_i) be the probability that at least one of E_1, E_2, ..., E_n is true. Then "the" Bonferroni ...