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An initial value problem is a problem that has its conditions specified at some time t=t_0. Usually, the problem is an ordinary differential equation or a partial ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...

A matrix used in the Jacobi transformation method of diagonalizing matrices. The Jacobi rotation matrix P_(pq) contains 1s along the diagonal, except for the two elements ...

A method of matrix diagonalization using Jacobi rotation matrices P_(pq). It consists of a sequence of orthogonal similarity transformations of the form ...

An illusion named after the psychologist Joseph Jastrow. In the above figure, the left edges of the laminas A and B are colinear, creating an illusion of different size. ...

A procedure for decomposing an N×N matrix A into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U, LU=A. (1) LU decomposition is implemented in the ...

Leakage, more explicitly called spectral leakage, is a smearing of power across a frequency spectrum that occurs when the signal being measured is not periodic in the sample ...

Maximum likelihood, also called the maximum likelihood method, is the procedure of finding the value of one or more parameters for a given statistic which makes the known ...

A merit function, also known as a figure-of-merit function, is a function that measures the agreement between data and the fitting model for a particular choice of the ...

An algorithm for finding roots which retains that prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the ...