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The Gibbs phenomenon is an overshoot (or "ringing") of Fourier series and other eigenfunction series occurring at simple discontinuities. It can be reduced with the Lanczos ...

The gnomonic projection is a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points P_1 (or P_2) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center O to point P in a plane ...

If T is a set of axioms in a first-order language, and a statement p holds for any structure M satisfying T, then p can be formally deduced from T in some appropriately ...

Gödel's second incompleteness theorem states no consistent axiomatic system which includes Peano arithmetic can prove its own consistency. Stated more colloquially, any ...

A Goldbach number is a positive integer that is the sum of two odd primes (Li 1999). Let E(x) (the "exceptional set of Goldbach numbers") denote the number of even numbers ...

Nice approximations for the golden ratio phi are given by phi approx sqrt((5pi)/6) (1) approx (7pi)/(5e), (2) the last of which is due to W. van Doorn (pers. comm., Jul. 18, ...

Two distinct knots cannot have the same exterior. Or, equivalently, a knot is completely determined by its knot exterior (Cipra 1988; Adams 1994, p. 261). The question was ...

Gram's law (Hutchinson 1925; Edwards 2001, pp. 125, 127, and 171) is the tendency for zeros of the Riemann-Siegel function Z(t) to alternate with Gram points. Stated more ...

The circumference of a graph is the length of any longest cycle in a graph. Hamiltonian graphs on n>1 vertices therefore have circumference of n. For a cyclic graph, the ...

The complement of a graph G, sometimes called the edge-complement (Gross and Yellen 2006, p. 86), is the graph G^', sometimes denoted G^_ or G^c (e.g., Clark and Entringer ...