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For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...

Bouwer graphs, a term coined here for the first time, are a family of regular graphs which includes members that are symmetric but not arc-transitive. Such graphs are termed ...

The Fuhrmann triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC is the triangle DeltaF_CF_BF_A formed by reflecting the mid-arc points arcM_A, arcM_B, arcM_C about the lines AB, AC, ...

The parametric equations for a catenary are x = t (1) y = acosh(t/a), (2) giving the evolute as x = t-a/2sinh((2t)/a) (3) y = 2acosh(t/(2a)). (4) For t>0, the evolute has arc ...

A concho-spiral, also known as a conchospiral, is a space curve with parametric equations r = mu^ua (1) theta = u (2) z = mu^uc, (3) where mu, a, and c are fixed parameters. ...

The Kampyle of Eudoxus is a curve studied by Eudoxus in relation to the classical problem of cube duplication. It is given by the polar equation r=asec^2theta, (1) and the ...

The keratoid cusp is quintic algebraic curve defined by y^2=x^2y+x^5. (1) It has a ramphoid cusp at the origin, horizontal tangents at (0,0) and (-6/(25),(108)/(3125)), and a ...

If the knot K is the boundary K=f(S^1) of a singular disk f:D->S^3 which has the property that each self-intersecting component is an arc A subset f(D^2) for which f^(-1)(A) ...

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...