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An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma=0.577215664901532860606512090082402431042... (OEIS A001620) was calculated to 16 digits by Euler in 1781 and to 32 decimal places by ...

The Fritsch graph is the 9-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof ...

The Soifer graph, illustrated above in a number of embeddings, is a planar graph on 9 nodes that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of ...

The important binomial theorem states that sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)r^k=(1+r)^n. (1) Consider sums of powers of binomial coefficients a_n^((r)) = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)^r (2) = ...

A biquadratic number is a fourth power, n^4. The first few biquadratic numbers are 1, 16, 81, 256, 625, ... (OEIS A000583). The minimum number of biquadratic numbers needed ...

A walk is a sequence v_0, e_1, v_1, ..., v_k of graph vertices v_i and graph edges e_i such that for 1<=i<=k, the edge e_i has endpoints v_(i-1) and v_i (West 2000, p. 20). ...

A cycle of a graph G, also called a circuit if the first vertex is not specified, is a subset of the edge set of G that forms a path such that the first node of the path ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

Graphs corresponding to closed walks of length k are known as k-cyclic graphs, or C_k-graphs for short. C_k-graphs are connected by definition. The numbers of C_k-graphs for ...