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The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

The n×n square matrix F_n with entries given by F_(jk)=e^(2piijk/n)=omega^(jk) (1) for j,k=0, 1, 2, ..., n-1, where i is the imaginary number i=sqrt(-1), and normalized by ...

An integral equation of the form phi(x)=f(x)+lambdaint_(-infty)^inftyK(x,t)phi(t)dt (1) phi(x)=1/(sqrt(2pi))int_(-infty)^infty(F(t)e^(-ixt)dt)/(1-sqrt(2pi)lambdaK(t)). (2) ...

In general, a frieze consists of repeated copies of a single motif. b ; a d; c Conway and Guy (1996) define a frieze pattern as an arrangement of numbers at the intersection ...

A set of algebraic invariants for a quantic such that any invariant of the quantic is expressible as a polynomial in members of the set. Gordan (1868) proved the existence of ...

If there exists a one-to-one correspondence between two subgroups and subfields such that G(E(G^')) = G^' (1) E(G(E^')) = E^', (2) then E is said to have a Galois theory. A ...

For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation (1-x^2)y^('')-2(mu+1)xy^'+(nu-mu)(nu+mu+1)y=0 (1) sometimes called the hyperspherical differential equation (Iyanaga and ...

A ruled surface is called a generalized cylinder if it can be parameterized by x(u,v)=vp+y(u), where p is a fixed point. A generalized cylinder is a regular surface wherever ...

The surface generated by a twisted curve C when rotated about a fixed axis A and, at the same time, displaced parallel to A so that the velocity of displacement is always ...